ASTM D3649-2006 水的高分辩率γ射线光谱测定法的标准实施规范
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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforHigh-ResolutionGamma-RaySpectrometryofWater
【原文标准名称】:水的高分辩率γ射线光谱测定法的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD3649-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.04
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:γ辐射;放射性;分辨率;光谱测定法;水
【英文主题词】:gamma-rayspectrometry;germaniumdetectors;high-resolutiongamma-rayspectrometry;HPGe;photonspectrometry;water
【摘要】:Gamma-rayspectrometryisofuseinidentifyingradionuclidesandinmakingquantitativemeasurements.Useofasemiconductordetectorisnecessaryforhigh-resolutionmeasurements.Variationofthephysicalgeometryofthesampleanditsrelationshipwiththedetectorwillproducebothqualitativeandquantitativevariationsinthegamma-rayspectrum.Toadequatelyaccountforthesegeometryeffects,calibrationsaredesignedtoduplicateallconditionsincludingsource-to-detectordistance,sampleshapeandsize,andsamplematrixencounteredwhensamplesaremeasured.Sincesomespectrometrysystemsarecalibratedatmanydiscretedistancesfromthedetector,awiderangeofactivitylevelscanbemeasuredonthesamedetector.Forhigh-levelsamples,extremelylow-efficiencygeometriesmaybeused.Quantitativemeasurementscanbemadeaccuratelyandpreciselywhenhighactivitylevelsamplesareplacedatdistancesof10cmormorefromthedetector.Electronicproblems,suchaserroneousdeadtimecorrection,lossofresolution,andrandomsumming,maybeavoidedbykeepingthegrosscountratebelow2000countspersecond(sx2013;1)andalsokeepingthedeadtimeoftheanalyzerbelow5%.Totalcountingtimeisgovernedbytheradioactivityofthesample,thedetectortosourcedistanceandtheacceptablePoissoncountinguncertainty.1.1Thispracticecoversthemeasurementofgamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinwaterbymeansofgamma-rayspectrometry.Itisapplicabletonuclidesemittinggamma-rayswithenergiesgreaterthan45keV.Fortypicalcountingsystemsandsampletypes,activitylevelsofabout40Bqareeasilymeasuredandsensitivitiesaslowas0.4Bqarefoundformanynuclides.Countratesinexcessof2000countspersecondshouldbeavoidedbecauseofelectroniclimitations.Highcountratesamplescanbeaccommodatedbydilution,byincreasingthesampletodetectordistance,orbyusingdigitalsignalprocessors.1.2Thispracticecanbeusedforeitherquantitativeorrelativedeterminations.Inrelativecountingwork,theresultsmaybeexpressedbycomparisonwithaninitialconcentrationofagivennuclidewhichistakenas100%.Forquantitativemeasurements,theresultsmaybeexpressedintermsofknownnuclidicstandardsfortheradionuclidesknowntobepresent.Thispracticecanalsobeusedjustfortheidentificationofgamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinasamplewithoutquantifyingthem.Generalinformationonradioactivityandthemeasurementofradiationhasbeenpublished(1,2).Informationonspecificapplicationofgammaspectrometryisalsoavailableintheliterature(3-5).SeealsothereferencedASTMStandardsin2.1andtherelatedmaterialsectionattheendofthisstandard.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationpriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_50
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:水的高分辩率γ射线光谱测定法的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTMD3649-2006
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2006
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.04
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:γ辐射;放射性;分辨率;光谱测定法;水
【英文主题词】:gamma-rayspectrometry;germaniumdetectors;high-resolutiongamma-rayspectrometry;HPGe;photonspectrometry;water
【摘要】:Gamma-rayspectrometryisofuseinidentifyingradionuclidesandinmakingquantitativemeasurements.Useofasemiconductordetectorisnecessaryforhigh-resolutionmeasurements.Variationofthephysicalgeometryofthesampleanditsrelationshipwiththedetectorwillproducebothqualitativeandquantitativevariationsinthegamma-rayspectrum.Toadequatelyaccountforthesegeometryeffects,calibrationsaredesignedtoduplicateallconditionsincludingsource-to-detectordistance,sampleshapeandsize,andsamplematrixencounteredwhensamplesaremeasured.Sincesomespectrometrysystemsarecalibratedatmanydiscretedistancesfromthedetector,awiderangeofactivitylevelscanbemeasuredonthesamedetector.Forhigh-levelsamples,extremelylow-efficiencygeometriesmaybeused.Quantitativemeasurementscanbemadeaccuratelyandpreciselywhenhighactivitylevelsamplesareplacedatdistancesof10cmormorefromthedetector.Electronicproblems,suchaserroneousdeadtimecorrection,lossofresolution,andrandomsumming,maybeavoidedbykeepingthegrosscountratebelow2000countspersecond(sx2013;1)andalsokeepingthedeadtimeoftheanalyzerbelow5%.Totalcountingtimeisgovernedbytheradioactivityofthesample,thedetectortosourcedistanceandtheacceptablePoissoncountinguncertainty.1.1Thispracticecoversthemeasurementofgamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinwaterbymeansofgamma-rayspectrometry.Itisapplicabletonuclidesemittinggamma-rayswithenergiesgreaterthan45keV.Fortypicalcountingsystemsandsampletypes,activitylevelsofabout40Bqareeasilymeasuredandsensitivitiesaslowas0.4Bqarefoundformanynuclides.Countratesinexcessof2000countspersecondshouldbeavoidedbecauseofelectroniclimitations.Highcountratesamplescanbeaccommodatedbydilution,byincreasingthesampletodetectordistance,orbyusingdigitalsignalprocessors.1.2Thispracticecanbeusedforeitherquantitativeorrelativedeterminations.Inrelativecountingwork,theresultsmaybeexpressedbycomparisonwithaninitialconcentrationofagivennuclidewhichistakenas100%.Forquantitativemeasurements,theresultsmaybeexpressedintermsofknownnuclidicstandardsfortheradionuclidesknowntobepresent.Thispracticecanalsobeusedjustfortheidentificationofgamma-rayemittingradionuclidesinasamplewithoutquantifyingthem.Generalinformationonradioactivityandthemeasurementofradiationhasbeenpublished(1,2).Informationonspecificapplicationofgammaspectrometryisalsoavailableintheliterature(3-5).SeealsothereferencedASTMStandardsin2.1andtherelatedmaterialsectionattheendofthisstandard.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationpriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Z16
【国际标准分类号】:71_040_50
【页数】:8P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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